Why can DNS affect page load time?

Because the browser usually needs the IP address before it can connect. A slow lookup delays the entire request chain.

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DNS is the system that translates a domain name into an IP address so the browser can connect to the correct server.

TTL is the time a DNS answer can be cached before it should be refreshed. It controls how long clients and resolvers reuse the record.

Because different caches honor their TTLs independently. Some users may continue to see the old record until those caches expire.

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