The answer
Type casting is forcing the compiler to treat a variable of one data type as another. For example, casting the integer 65 as a (char) forces it to become 'A'.
Alphabet Patterns: Converting Integers to Characters
What is Type Casting?
More FAQs in Alphabet Patterns: Converting Integers to Characters
Because characters are backed by integer ASCII values, you can simply apply mathematical increments (like ++) to a character variable to move to the next letter.
The capital letter 'A' starts at 65. The lowercase letter 'a' starts at 97.
Instead of an external variable, initialize the ascii value (e.g., char letter = 'A') inside the outer loop, so it resets back to 'A' at the start of every new row.
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