What is the ASCII value of 'A' and 'a'?
The capital letter 'A' starts at 65. The lowercase letter 'a' starts at 97.
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More FAQs in Alphabet Patterns: Converting Integers to Characters
Because characters are backed by integer ASCII values, you can simply apply mathematical increments (like ++) to a character variable to move to the next letter.
Type casting is forcing the compiler to treat a variable of one data type as another. For example, casting the integer 65 as a (char) forces it to become 'A'.
Instead of an external variable, initialize the ascii value (e.g., char letter = 'A') inside the outer loop, so it resets back to 'A' at the start of every new row.
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