The answer
Auxiliary space is the temporary, extra memory created by your algorithm to do its work, excluding the memory taken up by the raw input data itself.
Space Complexity: What it is and Why it Matters
What is Auxiliary Space?
More FAQs in Space Complexity: What it is and Why it Matters
It is a measure of how much extra memory (RAM) an algorithm requires to execute, scaling relative to the input size.
If you store every element of the input into a Hash Map, it requires O(N) Linear Space, as the map grows proportionally with the data.
Yes, drastically. Every recursive call adds a frame to the Call Stack. A recursion depth of N requires O(N) auxiliary space, which can cause Stack Overflow errors.
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