Have you ever wondered why React is so fast and efficient, the answer lies in a magical process called reconciliation.
By the end, you’ll clearly understand why React is too fast.
What is Reconciliation in React?
Reconciliation is a process in React that helps it update the user interface efficiently. Whenever something changes in your app, like the data or state, React needs to update the web page to reflect those changes. Instead of reloading the entire page, React uses reconciliation to make just the necessary updates, saving time and resources.
Reconciliation is also known as React Fiber, which is the reimplementation of React’s core algorithm. React Fiber improves the rendering process, making it faster and more capable of handling complex updates.
Actual DOM (Document Object Model)
The Document Object Model, or DOM, is a programming interface for web documents. It represents the structure of a document (like HTML) as a tree of objects, where each object corresponds to a part of the document.
Key Characteristics of the Actual DOM:
- Tree Structure: The DOM represents the document as a tree structure with nodes, where each node represents an element in the document (e.g., <div>, <p>, <span>).
- Direct Interaction: Web browsers use the actual DOM to render the web page. Developers can interact with it using JavaScript to dynamically update a web page’s content, structure, and style.
Example of Actual DOM
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My page</title>
<head/>
<body>
<div id="container">
<h1>Hello, world!</h1>
<p>This is a simple example</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
In the above example, the DOM tree has elements like <html>, <head>, <body>, <div>, <h1>, and <p>
Virtual DOM
The Virtual DOM(object) is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM that React uses to optimize and speed up the process of updating the user interface.
Key Characteristics of the Virtual DOM:
- In-Memory Representation: The Virtual DOM is an in-memory representation of the actual DOM. It is not rendered directly to the screen but exists as a virtual structure in memory.
- Efficient Updates: When the state of a React component changes, React creates a new Virtual DOM tree. It then uses a diff algorithm to compare this new tree with the previous Virtual DOM tree to identify the changes.
There are two types of virtual DOM’s :
- New Virtual DOM: This is created whenever there’s a change in the state or props of your React Components.
- Old Virtual DOM: This is the previous version of the virtual DOM, before the changes.
When the state of your app changes, React creates a new Virtual DOM and then compares it with the old Virtual DOM to see what has changed. This comparison is where the diff algorithm comes into play.
Example of Virtual DOM
const virtualDOM={
type:'div',
props:{
id:'container'
},
children: [
{
type:'h1',
props:{},
children:'Hello, world!'
},
{
type:'p',
props:{},
children:'This is a simple example.'
}
]
};
In the above example, the Virtual DOM tree mirrors the actual DOM structure but exists purely in memory.
The Diff Algorithm
The diff algorithm is a key part of the reconciliation process. it’s responsible for comparing the new Virtual DOM with the old Virtual DOM and identifying the differences. Here’s what happens:
- Comparison: The diff algorithm compares the new Virtual DOM with the old one.
- Identify Changes: it finds the differences between the two versions.
- Minimal Updates: The algorithm determines the minimal set of changes needed to update the actual DOM to match the new Virtual DOM.
By using diff algorithm, React can update only the parts of the DOM that have changed, rather than re-rendering the entire UI. This makes the update process much faster and more efficient.
Let’s go through a practical example to see how all these concepts work together:
function TodoList({items}){
return(
<ul>
{items.map(item =>(
<li key={item.id}> {item.text} </li>
))}
</ul>
);
}
Imagine you have a to-do list app. When you add a new item to the list:
Old Virtual DOM
New Virtual DOM
- State Change: The state of your app changes because a new item is added.
- New Virtual DOM: React creates a new Virtual DOM that includes the new item.
- Diff Algorithm: The diff algorithm compares the new Virtual DOM with the old Virtual DOM.
- Identify Changes: The algorithm identifies that a new item has been added.
- Minimal Updates: React updates the actual DOM to include only the new item, rather than re-rendering the entire list.
The process of comparing the new virtual DOM with the previous one using diff algorithm is called reconciliation.
Benefits of Reconciliation
- Faster UI Updates
- Minimal DOM Manipulation
- Improved User Experience
- Smoother Interactions
- Responsive Applications
Conclusion
Reconciliation is a core concept that makes React powerful and efficient. The next time you add a new feature to your React app, remember that reconciliation is working behind the scenes to keep everything running smoothly.
React ensures high performance and a better user experience by using the Virtual DOM and the diff algorithm
to update only the changed elements in the real DOM efficiently.
