What is the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases?
SQL is relational with tables, fixed schema, ACID transactions, and complex joins. NoSQL is non-relational with flexible schemas, designed for horizontal scaling and document-like data like JSON documents.
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More FAQs in MongoDB Interview Questions for Node.js Developers
Mongoose is an ODM (Object Data Modeling) library for MongoDB that provides schemas, validation, middleware, and population. It prevents bugs by enforcing structure in a flexible database and makes the data model clear.
Reference large or shared data (use ref and populate to fetch), embed small always-read-together data. Reference for users and posts; embed for addresses. Use populate to join referenced data in one query.
Indexes make queries fast by avoiding full collection scans. Add indexes on frequently queried fields like email and userIds. Use explain to confirm indexes are used. Each index adds write overhead, so index wisely.
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