What is Fail2ban and why use it?
Fail2ban is a tool that monitors log files (like /var/log/auth.log) and automatically bans IPs that show malicious signs, such as too many failed SSH login attempts. Install it with sudo apt install fail2ban to protect against brute-force attacks.
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More FAQs in AWS EC2 Security Best Practices Hardening Your Node.js Server
Use key-based authentication only (disable PasswordAuthentication in sshd_config), restrict SSH to your IP in the security group, disable root login (PermitRootLogin no), and use the ubuntu user with sudo for privileged commands. Never run Node.js as root.
No. Never expose the Node.js port (3000) directly to the internet. All traffic should go through Nginx on port 80/443, which proxies to localhost:3000. Only ports 22 (SSH from your IP), 80, and 443 should be open.
X-Frame-Options (SAMEORIGIN, prevents clickjacking), X-Content-Type-Options (nosniff, prevents MIME sniffing), X-XSS-Protection, Referrer-Policy, Content-Security-Policy, and Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS) for HTTPS-only.
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