The answer
The browser resolves the domain and negotiates a secure TLS connection after establishing transport, so the data is encrypted before the request is exchanged.
How the Web Works: Browser to Server
What happens before an HTTPS request is sent?
More FAQs in How the Web Works: Browser to Server
The browser resolves DNS, opens a connection, sends an HTTP request, receives a response, parses the content, and renders the page.
TCP is the transport layer that moves bytes reliably between hosts. HTTP is the application protocol that defines requests, responses, methods, and headers on top of that transport.
DNS turns a domain name into an IP address. If the lookup is slow, the browser cannot connect quickly, so the first request is delayed.
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