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What causes a stack overflow in JavaScript?

Infinite or very deep recursion. Each call adds a frame to the stack without popping one, until the engine's maximum stack size is exceeded and a RangeError is thrown.

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More FAQs in JavaScript Call Stack Basics for Beginners

A LIFO data structure that tracks which function is currently running. Each function call pushes a frame, each return pops one. Only one function runs at a time.

No. JavaScript is single-threaded, so the call stack has one active frame at a time. Other functions must wait for the current one to return.

Only when the call stack is empty. The event loop checks the stack, and if it is empty, it moves callbacks from the microtask queue (then macrotask queue) onto the stack.

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