What are the lifecycle phases of a React component?

It runs after the component is added to the DOM. You fetch data, set up subscriptions, and start timers here. It maps to useEffect with an empty dependency array in functional components.

It runs right before the component is removed from the DOM. You clean up subscriptions, timers, and listeners here to prevent leaks. It maps to the cleanup function returned from useEffect.

componentDidMount runs once, after mount. componentDidUpdate runs after every update caused by state or props changes. They handle different moments in the component lifecycle.