What APIs does Node.js provide that browsers do not?
fs (file system), http/https (server), net/dgram (raw networking), process (argv, env, exit), Buffer (binary data), stream, path, os, crypto, child_process, cluster. These give Node.js full system access.
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More FAQs in How Browsers and Node.js Use V8 Differently
Yes. Both use V8. The engine (call stack, heap, parser, compiler, GC) is the same. But the runtime around V8 is different: browsers provide DOM, rendering, and Web APIs; Node.js provides file system, networking, and system-level APIs.
The browser event loop renders between macrotasks and has requestAnimationFrame. Node.js uses libuv's event loop with specific phases (timers, poll, check, close) and has process.nextTick (runs before promise microtasks) and setImmediate. No rendering in Node.js.
document, window, navigator, location, history, DOM manipulation, CSS, Canvas, WebGL, Web Audio, localStorage, sessionStorage, IndexedDB, Cookies, alert, confirm, prompt. These are for building web UIs.
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