How do you handle loading and error states when fetching?
Track separate loading and error state variables. Show a spinner while loading, an error message with a retry on failure, and set loading to false in a finally block so it stops whether the fetch succeeded or failed.
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Fetch inside useEffect with an empty dependency array, store the result in state, and handle loading and error states. This is the basic correct pattern for initial data loading on component mount.
If a user triggers multiple fetches, an earlier response might resolve after a later one, overwriting fresh data with stale data. Avoid this with cleanup flags or abort signals that ignore outdated responses.
Use the correct dependency array. An empty array runs once on mount. Including a state variable that you set inside the effect causes an infinite loop because every update triggers another effect and another update.
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