The answer
Instead of nesting callbacks, promises chain with .then. Each .then returns a new promise, so the next .then waits for it. This produces flat code instead of a pyramid. One .catch handles all errors.
How to Avoid Callback Hell in JavaScript
How do promises flatten callback hell in JavaScript?
More FAQs in How to Avoid Callback Hell in JavaScript
Use async/await (cleanest, looks synchronous with try/catch), promises (.then chains with .catch), or named functions (flat but verbose). Never write deeply nested anonymous callbacks.
async/await. It makes async code look synchronous, eliminates nesting, and uses try/catch for errors. It is the cleanest and most readable solution for modern code.
They keep the code flat instead of nested. Each callback is a named function defined at the top level, not an anonymous inline function. The code reads top-to-bottom instead of drifting right (pyramid).
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