The answer
ES6 classes are syntactic sugar over prototypes. class Person { greet() {} } puts greet on Person.prototype. extends creates the prototype chain. Under the hood, it is the same prototypal inheritance.
Prototypes and Prototypal Inheritance in JavaScript
How do ES6 classes relate to prototypes?
More FAQs in Prototypes and Prototypal Inheritance in JavaScript
Objects inherit from other objects via the prototype chain. When you access a property, JS checks the object, then its prototype, then the prototype's prototype, up to null. This is different from class-based inheritance in Java/C++.
Use Object.create(proto): const dog = Object.create(animal). dog inherits all properties from animal. You can also add own properties: Object.create(animal, { bark: { value: () => 'barking' } }).
__proto__ is the actual prototype of an instance (on every object). prototype is on constructor functions and is the object that instances will inherit from. new Person() creates an object whose __proto__ is Person.prototype.
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