How are variables resolved in nested function calls?
Through the scope chain, which is based on where functions are written (lexical scope), not where they are called. The engine looks locally first, then follows outer environment references up the chain.
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More FAQs in How JavaScript Handles Nested Function Calls
Each nested call pushes a new frame onto the call stack. The engine runs the top frame, returns its value, and pops it. The previous frame then resumes at the next statement.
Each recursive call pushes a new frame with its own local variables. The stack grows with depth. When the base case returns, frames pop in reverse order and the return values combine on the way back up.
No. Each function call has its own execution context and its own local variables. Inner functions can only access outer variables through the scope chain or closures, not through the call stack.
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