The answer
Yes. func.apply(null, args) is equivalent to func.call(null, ...args) with spread. This makes apply less necessary in modern JS, but it is still useful for older codebases.
call vs apply vs bind: Detailed Comparison
Can you use apply with spread syntax in modern JavaScript?
More FAQs in call vs apply vs bind: Detailed Comparison
Use call when you have individual arguments. Use apply when you have arguments in an array. With spread syntax, call with ...args works too, making apply less necessary in modern JS.
When you need a function with this permanently bound for later use, like callbacks (setTimeout, event listeners) where this would otherwise be lost.
No. bind returns a new function with this bound. You must call it separately: const bound = fn.bind(obj); bound(). Re-binding a bound function has no effect on this.
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