Are ES6 classes different from the prototype system?
No. ES6 classes are syntactic sugar over the prototype system. class Person { greet() {} } puts greet on Person.prototype. extends sets up the prototype chain. It is the same mechanism with cleaner syntax.
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__proto__ is on every object and points to its actual prototype. prototype is on functions and is the object that instances created with new will inherit from. obj.__proto__ === Constructor.prototype for objects created with new Constructor().
Student.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype); Student.prototype.constructor = Student;. In the constructor: Person.call(this, name). This sets up the prototype chain manually.
Creates an object with no prototype (no __proto__). It has no inherited properties (no toString, no hasOwnProperty). Useful for hash maps or dictionaries where you do not want any inherited properties.
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