Author: Dipesh Devkota

Artificial Neural Network (ANN)An ANN is made up of neurons, and each neuron has its own weights, which help it process information. This model is very important in building intelligent systems.Let’s break down the main components:1. InputThink of this as the data the neuron receives. For example:x1,x2,…,xnx_1, x_2, …, x_nx1​,x2​,…,xn​ are the inputs coming into the neuron.Each input represents a specific piece of information or feature.2. WeightEach input has its own weight that determines its importance.For example:Input x1x_1x1​ will have a weight w1w_1w1​, input x2x_2x2​ will have a weight w2w_2w2​, and so on until xnx_nxn​, which has weight wnw_nwn​.These weights…

Network standards are indeed the specifications and rules that enable devices from different manufacturers to communicate with each other across a network. These standards ensure compatibility, interoperability, and smooth communication between devices and networks, regardless of the manufacturer.1. De Facto Standards (In Fact)Definition:De facto is a Latin term that means “in fact” or “in practice.” A de facto standard refers to a technology or practice that has become the norm due to widespread use and acceptance, even if it has not been officially formalized or legally recognized by a standardization body.Key Features:Not Legally Mandated: De facto standards are not officially…